The Diversity of Sound Realizations of the Wakatobi Language in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

The sounds of the Wakatobi language are still a topic of discussion among language observers and researchers. This study aims to investigate the diversity of sound realizations of the Wakatobi Language. The study uses a theory of generative phonology in generative dialectology. The data collection was done through the interview method and recorded using phonetic transcription. This study was conducted at 25 observation points with 50 informants. It was analyzed using apportioned and interlingua-equal methods. The analyzed data were compared with existing references regarding Wakatobi phonology and were validated through methodological triangulation, involving the verification of data accuracy with informants and consultation with a dialectology expert. The novelty of this research lies in its description and analysis of the diversity of sound realizations observed across the geographical distribution of the Wakatobi language speakers, an aspect that has not been fully explored in previous studies. The results shows that the Wakatobi language has 14 vocoids (vowel segmental sounds). Tense vowel sounds [o] and [e] usually occur after contoid [p], [mp], [b], [mb], [ɓ], [β], [ф], [υ], and [m], while lax vowel sounds [ɔ] and [ɛ] usually existed after all contoids, except bilabial and labiodental sounds. Vowel sound variations in the Wakatobi language are caused by linguistic factors or the language environment. This shows that all variations of vowel sounds are found on every island or observation area in Wakatobi. Besides, the Wakatobi language has several consonant sounds, including implosives [ɓ], [ɗ], [ɠ], and [ʃ], as well as fricatives [β], [υ], and [ф]. In contrast to vowel variations, a diversity of consonant sounds are found on different islands or observation areas in Wakatobi Regency. This shows that the diversity of consonant sounds is not due to linguistic factors or the word’s environment. The results of the study can provide a clear picture of the diversity of sound realizations of Wakatobi, which is still a matter of debate both by the Wakatobi community itself and language observers or researchers. The study can also serve as a reference and consideration for the government in developing local language teaching materials for schools, particularly in Wakatobi Regency. The findings also contribute to the advancement of dialectology, particularly regarding the application of its theories to the analysis of local languages ​​in remote areas. From an academic perspective, the results can be utilized to develop teaching materials for regional languages ​​and serve as a reference for future research.