The Referential Uses of Demonstratives in Kerinci Malay, Indonesia
Main Article Content
Keywords
referential uses, demonstrative, Kerinci, Malay
Abstract
Demonstratives are pervasive and ubiquitous in every human language. This study explores further evidence from Kerinci, a Malayic sub-variety spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia. It highlights the referential uses of the Kerinci proximal demonstratives ineh/neh 'this' and the distal demonstrative itoh/toh 'that'. It is based on a corpus containing eight hours of recordings. The basic indexical functions of demonstratives within the referential domain are sketched from three perspectives, namely syntactic contexts, deictic expressions, and pragmatic uses. In light of the evidence presented, this study supports the most accepted principle that demonstratives are universal. However, this research also suggests that the form, use, and meaning of the Kerinci demonstratives are language-specific as presented in this paper.
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References
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Buba, M. (2000) The pragmatics of addressee-based Hausa demonstratives. South African Journal of African Languages, 20(3), 239-259. DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2000.10587432
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Carlson, R. (1994). A Grammar of Supyire. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Carlson-Radvansky, L. A., & Irwin, D.E. (1993). Frames of reference in vision and language: where is above? Cognition, 46. 223–44.
Carlson-Radvansky, L. A., & Irwin, D.E. (1994). Reference frame activation during spatial term assignment. Journal of Memory and Language, 33. 646–71.
Clark, E. V., & Sengul, C. J. (1978). Strategies in the acquisition of deixis. Journal of Child Language, 5, 457–475.
Clark, H. H. (1996). Using language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, H. H., & Marshall, C. R. (1981). Deï¬nite reference and mutual knowledge. In: A. K. Joshi., B. L. Webber., & I.A. Sag. (Eds.), Elements of discourse understanding. Cambridge University Press, Cambrige, pp.10–63.
Comrie, B. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Cooperrider, K. (2015): The Co-Organization of Demonstratives and Pointing Gestures. Discourse Processes.1-25. DOI: 10.1080/0163853X.2015.1094280
Coventry, K. R.., Valde´s, B., Castillo, A., & Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (2008). Language within your reach: Near-far perceptual space and spatial demonstratives. Cognition, 108. 889–895.
Diessel, H. (1999). Demonstrative: Form, function, and grammaticalization. John Benjamin Publishing Company. Amsterdam/Philadephia.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2012). Basic linguistics theory (Vol. 3). Further grammatical topics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Djenar, D.N. (2014). Nih and tuh as spatial deixis in imagined interaction. In A. Jukes [Ed.], Deixis and spatial expressions in languages of Indonesia. NUSA 56: 27-46.
Ekah, M. H., & Udosen, E. E. (2018). Demonstrative Patterns In English And Ibibio. British Journal of English Linguistics, 6(1). 20-31.
Ernanda. (2017a). Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci (PhD Dissertation). Leiden University Centre for Linguistics. LOT: Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ernanda (2017b). Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci (Summary of PhD thesis). Wacana 18(3), 791-812.
Fillmore, C. J. (1982). Towards a descriptive framework for spatial deixis. In R. J. Jarvell & W. Klein (Eds.), Speech, place and action: Studies in deixis and related topics (pp. 31–59). London: Wiley.
Fillmore, C. J. (1997). Lectures on Deixis. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
Hanks, W. F. (2005). Explorations in the deictic field. Current Anthropology, 46. 191–220.
Himmelmann, N. (1996). Demonstratives in Narrative Discourse: A taxonomy of universal uses. In Fox, B.A. (ed.), Studies in Anaphora. 205–254.
Himmelmann, N. (1997). Deiktikon, Artikel, Nominalphrase: Zur Emergenz syntaktischer Struktur. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Kaplan, D. (1977). Demonstratives. J. Almong, J. Perry, and H. Wettstein (Eds.). Themes from Kaplan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989. 481–563.
Kaplan, D.1989. Afterthoughts. J. Almong, J. Perry, and H. Wettstein (Eds.). Themes from Kaplan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989. 565–614.
Kaswanti Purwo. B. (1984). Deiksis dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Kemmerer, D. (1999). Near and far in language and perception. Cognition, 73. 35–63.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Malinga, R. M.M. (1982). The analysis of the xhosa demonstrative. South African Journal of African Languages, 2:(3). 40-52.
Maphike, P. R.S. (1982). The morphology and semantics of the southern sotho demonstrative. South African Journal of African Languages, 2:(1). 61-69. DOI: 10.1080/02572117.1982.10586459
Mayer, M. (1969). Frog, where are you? New York. Dial Press.
Moeketsi, R. H. (1994) The versatile nature of the Southern Sotho demonstrative. South African Journal of African Languages, 14(1). 24-28. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587026
Nkabinde, A. C. (1971). The significance of the demonstrative in Zulu. Taalfasette, 13(1). 19-26. DOI: 10.1080/04966740.1971.10587939
Payne, T. E. (1997). Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Prentice, D. J., & Usman, A. H. (1978). Kerinci sound-changes and phonotactics. In S. A. Wurm., & L. Carrington (Eds.), Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings, Fascicle 1, Western Austronesian (Pacific Linguistics, C-61) (pp. 121-163). Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.
Reimer, M. (1991). Do Demonstrations Have Semantic Significance? Analysis, 51. 177–83.
Song, J. J. (2012). The Oxford handbook of linguistic typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Steinhauer, H., & Usman, A. H. (1978). Notes on the morphemics of Kerinci (Sumatra). In S. A. Wurm., & L. Carrington (Eds.), Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings, Fascicle 1, Western Austronesian (Pacific Linguistics, C-61) (pp. 483-502). Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.
Wolter, L. (2009). Demonstratives in Philosophy and Linguistics. Philosophy Compass, 4(3): 451–468.
Xu, Y. (1987). A study of referential functions of demonstratives in Chinese discourse. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 15(1). 132-151.
Buba, M. (2000) The pragmatics of addressee-based Hausa demonstratives. South African Journal of African Languages, 20(3), 239-259. DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2000.10587432
Bühler, K. (1982). The deictic ï¬eld of language and deictic words. In R. J. Jarvella & W. Klein (Eds.), Speech, place, and action (pp. 9–30). New York, NY: Wiley. (Original work published in 1934.).
Carlson, R. (1994). A Grammar of Supyire. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Carlson-Radvansky, L. A., & Irwin, D.E. (1993). Frames of reference in vision and language: where is above? Cognition, 46. 223–44.
Carlson-Radvansky, L. A., & Irwin, D.E. (1994). Reference frame activation during spatial term assignment. Journal of Memory and Language, 33. 646–71.
Clark, E. V., & Sengul, C. J. (1978). Strategies in the acquisition of deixis. Journal of Child Language, 5, 457–475.
Clark, H. H. (1996). Using language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, H. H., & Marshall, C. R. (1981). Deï¬nite reference and mutual knowledge. In: A. K. Joshi., B. L. Webber., & I.A. Sag. (Eds.), Elements of discourse understanding. Cambridge University Press, Cambrige, pp.10–63.
Comrie, B. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Cooperrider, K. (2015): The Co-Organization of Demonstratives and Pointing Gestures. Discourse Processes.1-25. DOI: 10.1080/0163853X.2015.1094280
Coventry, K. R.., Valde´s, B., Castillo, A., & Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (2008). Language within your reach: Near-far perceptual space and spatial demonstratives. Cognition, 108. 889–895.
Diessel, H. (1999). Demonstrative: Form, function, and grammaticalization. John Benjamin Publishing Company. Amsterdam/Philadephia.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2012). Basic linguistics theory (Vol. 3). Further grammatical topics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Djenar, D.N. (2014). Nih and tuh as spatial deixis in imagined interaction. In A. Jukes [Ed.], Deixis and spatial expressions in languages of Indonesia. NUSA 56: 27-46.
Ekah, M. H., & Udosen, E. E. (2018). Demonstrative Patterns In English And Ibibio. British Journal of English Linguistics, 6(1). 20-31.
Ernanda. (2017a). Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci (PhD Dissertation). Leiden University Centre for Linguistics. LOT: Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ernanda (2017b). Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci (Summary of PhD thesis). Wacana 18(3), 791-812.
Fillmore, C. J. (1982). Towards a descriptive framework for spatial deixis. In R. J. Jarvell & W. Klein (Eds.), Speech, place and action: Studies in deixis and related topics (pp. 31–59). London: Wiley.
Fillmore, C. J. (1997). Lectures on Deixis. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
Hanks, W. F. (2005). Explorations in the deictic field. Current Anthropology, 46. 191–220.
Himmelmann, N. (1996). Demonstratives in Narrative Discourse: A taxonomy of universal uses. In Fox, B.A. (ed.), Studies in Anaphora. 205–254.
Himmelmann, N. (1997). Deiktikon, Artikel, Nominalphrase: Zur Emergenz syntaktischer Struktur. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Kaplan, D. (1977). Demonstratives. J. Almong, J. Perry, and H. Wettstein (Eds.). Themes from Kaplan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989. 481–563.
Kaplan, D.1989. Afterthoughts. J. Almong, J. Perry, and H. Wettstein (Eds.). Themes from Kaplan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989. 565–614.
Kaswanti Purwo. B. (1984). Deiksis dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Kemmerer, D. (1999). Near and far in language and perception. Cognition, 73. 35–63.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Malinga, R. M.M. (1982). The analysis of the xhosa demonstrative. South African Journal of African Languages, 2:(3). 40-52.
Maphike, P. R.S. (1982). The morphology and semantics of the southern sotho demonstrative. South African Journal of African Languages, 2:(1). 61-69. DOI: 10.1080/02572117.1982.10586459
Mayer, M. (1969). Frog, where are you? New York. Dial Press.
Moeketsi, R. H. (1994) The versatile nature of the Southern Sotho demonstrative. South African Journal of African Languages, 14(1). 24-28. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587026
Nkabinde, A. C. (1971). The significance of the demonstrative in Zulu. Taalfasette, 13(1). 19-26. DOI: 10.1080/04966740.1971.10587939
Payne, T. E. (1997). Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Prentice, D. J., & Usman, A. H. (1978). Kerinci sound-changes and phonotactics. In S. A. Wurm., & L. Carrington (Eds.), Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings, Fascicle 1, Western Austronesian (Pacific Linguistics, C-61) (pp. 121-163). Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.
Reimer, M. (1991). Do Demonstrations Have Semantic Significance? Analysis, 51. 177–83.
Song, J. J. (2012). The Oxford handbook of linguistic typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Steinhauer, H., & Usman, A. H. (1978). Notes on the morphemics of Kerinci (Sumatra). In S. A. Wurm., & L. Carrington (Eds.), Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings, Fascicle 1, Western Austronesian (Pacific Linguistics, C-61) (pp. 483-502). Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.
Wolter, L. (2009). Demonstratives in Philosophy and Linguistics. Philosophy Compass, 4(3): 451–468.
Xu, Y. (1987). A study of referential functions of demonstratives in Chinese discourse. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 15(1). 132-151.
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Oct 25, 2020
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