The Framework of Cooperative Problem-based Learning (Co-PBL) to Promote Verbal Creativity in EFL Writing: Is It Feasible?
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Abstract
One of the influential factors that could affect students' writing skill is verbal creativity (VC). As an attempt to promote VC in EFL writing, two learning models i.e. cooperative learning and problem-based learning are incorporated and modified. This study was aimed at: (1) describing the structure of the framework of Co-PBL in order to promote VC in EFL writing; and (2) evaluating the feasibility of the framework of Co-PBL in EFL writing class. To achieve the goals of this study, a descriptive explanatory research was applied. It involves the EFL writing teachers and the first and second-grade students of English Education Department of a private university in East Java, Indonesia. The data were gathered through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation, semi-structured interview, and questionnaire. Incorporating cooperative learning (CL) and problem-based learning (PBL) results in the Co-PBL framework to guide the students through PBL cycles based on CL principles. The Co-PBL framework was also modified by inserting learning activities which could promote VC in EFL writing in each phase or cycle of PBL. Further, it was also confirmed that the Co-PBL framework is feasible to be implemented in EFL writing class. These findings, then, might have significant implications for EFL writing teachers and students.
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References
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Atkinson, D. L2 writing in the post-process era: Introduction. Journal of Second Language Writing, 12, 2003, 3–15.
Avila, H. A. Creativity in the English class: Activities to promote EFL learning. HOW, 22(2), 2015, 91–103.
Boud, D., & Feletti, G. Changing poblem based learning, in The Challenge of Problem-based Learning. London, UK: Boud and Feletti Eds, 1997.
Chen, M. L. A study of the effects of cooperative learning strategies on student achievement in English as a Foreign Language in a Taiwan college. New York: ProQuest Information and Learning Company, 2004.
Cole, K. S. Promoting cooperative learning in an expository writing course. Journal of International Education Research -Second Quarter, 8(2), 2012, 113–124.
Creswell, J. W. Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Inc, 2012.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. M. Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 2000, 124–130.
Dastgeer, D. M. Improving English writing skill: A case of problem based learning. American Journal of Educational Research , 3(10), 2015, 1315–1319.
Dey, I. Qualitative data analysis: A user-friendly guide for social scientists (Routledge). London. Retrieved from https://www.classmatandread.net/class/785wk3/Qualitative_data_analysis.pdf
Elola, I., & Oskoz, A. Collaborative writing: Fostering foreign language and writing conventions development. Language Learning & Technology, 14(3), 2010, 51–71.
Iswandari, D. C. Effect of environmental problem-based learning on the Indonesian EFL students’ environment - related Vocabulary Mastery and Writing Ability. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 7(8), 2017, 608–616.
Izadi, Mehri; Khoshsima, H. Creativity in writing : A study of EFL learners' locus of control creativity in writing : A Study of EFL Learners ’ Locus of Control. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4(2), 2015, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.2p.81
Kusmawati, D. P., & Purwati, O. The implementation of problem based learning in teaching writing descriptive text to the eighth graders. Retain, 3(2), 2015, 1–7.
Lin, L. F. The application of the problem-based learning approach to a second language learning context. In Proceedings of edmedia: world conference on educational media and technology, 2012, 2465–2470.
Lin, L. F. The impact of problem based learning on chinese-speaking elementary school student’s english vocabulary learning and use. System, 55, 2015, 30–42.
Mahmoud, M. M. A. The effectiveness of using the cooperative language learning approach to enhance EFL writing skills among Saudi university students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 5(3), 2014, 616–625. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.5.3.616-625
Mohd-yusof, K., Helmi, S. A., Jamaludin, M. Z., & Harun, N. F. Cooperative problem-based learning (CPBL): A practical pbl model for a typical course. In International Conference EDUCON2011, 2011, 12–20.
Munandar, U. Pengembangan kreatifitas anak berbakat (3rd Ed.). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009.
Ng Chin Leong, P. The power of problem-based learning (PBL) in the EFL classroom. Polyglossia, 16(2), 2009, 41–48.
Patton, M. Q. Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002.
Pishghadam, R., & Mehr, F. J. Learner creativity and performance in written narrative tasks. World Journal of Education, 1(2), 2011, 115–125. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v1n2p115
Rababah, L. M., Alshehab, M. H., & Melhem, N. Z. B. Exploring the factors that hinder Jordanian students in developing creativity in EFL writing. In International Conference on Studies in Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (SAHSS-2017), 2017, 7–11, https://doi.org/10.17758/EIRAI.F0117427
Rababah, L. M., Halim, A., Mohamed, B., & Jdaitawi, M. T. The level of creativity in English writing among Jordanian Secondary School students. Arts and Design Studies, 10, 2013, 25–30.
Rababah, L., & Melhem, N. B. Investigation into strategies of creativity in EFL writing in Jordan. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(23), 2014, 195–206.
Roger, T., & Johnson, D. W. An overview of cooperative learning. In Creativity and Collaborative Learning, 1994, 1–21.
Runco, M. A. Creativity. Annu Rev Psychol, 55, 2004, 657–687.
Tan, O. S. Problem-based learning innovation: Using problems to power learning in the 21st Century. Singapore: Thomson Learning, 2003.
Weisi, H., & Khaksar, Z. The effect of hemispheric dominance on Iranian EFL learner’s creativity in writing. International Journal of English and Education, 4(2), 2015, 383–397.
Wong, L.-H., Chin, C.-K., Chen, W., & Gao, P. An Innovative collaborative writing approach to improve Chinese as L2 pupils' linguistic skills. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer-supported Collaborative Learning, 2009, 651–661, Rhodes Island, Greece.
Woods, D. R. Problem-based learning: Helping your students gain most from PBL (3rd Ed.). Ontario: D. R. Woods Publishing, 1996.
Woods, D. R., Felder, R. M., Rugarcia, A., & Stice, J. M. The Future of engineering education: III. Developing critical skills. Chemical Engineering Education, 34(2), 2000, 108–117.
Yusof, K. M., Hassan, S. A. H. S., Jamaludin, M. Z., & Harun, N. F. Cooperative problem-based learning (CPBL): Framework for integrating cooperative learning and problem-based learning. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 56, 2012, 223–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.649
Zhu, W., Chen, Q., Xia, L., Beaty, R. E., Yang, W., Tian, F., … Qiu, J. Common and distinct brain networks underlying verbal and visual creativity. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 2017, 2094–2111. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23507
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Oct 29, 2018
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Ghufron, M. A., & Ermawati, S. (2018). The Framework of Cooperative Problem-based Learning (Co-PBL) to Promote Verbal Creativity in EFL Writing: Is It Feasible?. Jurnal Arbitrer, 5(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.2.81-93.2018
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