Gairaigo in Japanese and Its Cultural Implication
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Keywords
Gairaigo, English, Japanese, meaning, formation of gairaigo, cultural implication
Abstract
This research is an attempt to study gairaigo in Japanese. The study is focused on the formation, meaning, and cultural implication of gairaigo. The data for this study are Japanese loan words borrowed from English taken from NHK Easy Japanese News from May 2021 to October 2021. The research used qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data are collected by using the non-participant observation method. The analysis of data is done by using the intralingual equivalent method. The result of the study shows from 32 gairaigo collected from NHK Easy Japanese News, 98% of them are adapted to the Japanese linguistic system in the form of sound insertion and substitution. The formation of gairaigo is done by adjusting linguistic forms of English into Japanese. The formation of gairaigo causes the change in meaning which also implies Japanese culture. The formation of gairaigo while maintaining the linguistic features of the Japanese language is a sign of the language loyalty of Japanese speakers to their language.
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References
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Shibatani, M. (2001). The Language of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Takashi, K. (1992). Language and Desired Identity in Contemporary Japan. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 3(1):133-144.
Tsujimuta, N. (1997). An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics. UK: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd.
Ullman, S. (1977). Semantics, An Introduction to the Science of Meaning. Oxford: Basil Blachwell.
Wierzbicka, Anna. (2003). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Semantics of Human Interactions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Wilistyani, N.M., Ni Nengah Suartini and Gede Satya Hermawan. (2019). Analisis Perubahan Makna Gairaigo dalam Garuda Orient Holidays: Suatu Kajian Semantik. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 4(3):210.
Crystal, D. (1998). The Encyclopedy of Language and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Honna, N. (2010). English in Japanese Society: Language with language. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development Vol. 6(1-2)
Horikawa, N. (2013). English Loan Words in Japanese: Exploring Comprehension and Register. Portland University
Irwin, M. (2011). Loanwords in Japanese. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Co.
Kramsch, C. (1998). Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Leech, G. (1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Pinguin Books.
Meillet, A. (2018). How Words Change Meaning. Independently Published
Mulyadi. (2014). Loan Words in Bahasa Indonesia. Journal of English Language Teaching and Education, Vol.2(1).
Nasihin, A. (2007). Kata Serapan Dalam Bahasa Jepang. Padang: Universitas Bung Hatta.
Oktavianus. (2007). “Cultural Values in Indonesian and Japanese Provers in Relation to Labor, Employment and Industryâ€.Padang: Paper Presented to International Conference and Published in Proceeding.
Omar, S. (2015). “Being Japanese in English: The Social and Functional Role of English Loanwords in Japaneseâ€. Scripps College.
Oshima, K. (2002). Semantic and Structural Shift Patterns of Gairaigo in Japan. Intercultural Communication Studies XI:4, 51-65.
Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. (2021). “Oxford Leaner’s Dictionaryâ€. Oxford University Press.
Tangorin Japanese Dictionary and Translation.
Sari, W. D. (2019). The Formation of Abbreviated Loanwords in Japanese A Study of Ryakugo and Toujigo in Asahi Shinbun Digital Website of AutomotiveTechnology Column. JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang, 37-45.
Shibatani, M. (2001). The Language of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stanlaw, J. M. (2004). Japanese English: Language and Culture Contact. Hongkong: Hongkong University.
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma.
Takashi, K. (1992). Language and Desired Identity in Contemporary Japan. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 3(1):133-144.
Tsujimuta, N. (1997). An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics. UK: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd.
Ullman, S. (1977). Semantics, An Introduction to the Science of Meaning. Oxford: Basil Blachwell.
Wierzbicka, Anna. (2003). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Semantics of Human Interactions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Wilistyani, N.M., Ni Nengah Suartini and Gede Satya Hermawan. (2019). Analisis Perubahan Makna Gairaigo dalam Garuda Orient Holidays: Suatu Kajian Semantik. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 4(3):210.
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May 8, 2022
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Author Biographies
Afif Kharisma Erlina, Andalas University
Afif Kharisma Erlina was a graduate of Japanese language education at the University of Riau and continued her study to Linguistic Department, Post Graduate Study, Faculty of Humanities, Andalas University and received her master degree in 2022.