Multimode and Multirole of Languages in Public Spaces
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Keywords
Language, Public Spaces, Linguistic Landscape, text
Abstract
Public spaces are the sphere where people meet each other for many purposes, activities, and interests. Public spaces are decorated with languages with various designs and motives to guide and give information to people in public spaces. Language is displayed in public spaces as the name and labels of shops, restaurants, offices, buildings, streets, advertisements, and short notice. This writing discusses the designs and roles of languages as the text in public spaces. The result of the study shows that languages realized in the text in public spaces have a variety of designs and roles. The study of the text in public spheres should be done by applying integrated approaches and theories.
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References
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Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to Discourse. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. (2003). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Semantics of Human Interactions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Yule, G. (2000). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Backhaus, P. (2007). Linguistic Landscape. A Comparative Study of Urban Multilingual in Tokyo. Clevedon-Bufallo-Toronto: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Dabbour, K. (2017). The Linguistic Landscape of Tahrir Square Protest Signs and Egyptian National Identity. Journal of Studies in Linguistics and Literatures,1(2), 142-161.
Gorter, D. (Ed). (2006). Linguistic Landscape: A New Approach to Multilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Halliday, M.A.K and Ruqaiya Hassan. 1980. Cohesion in English. London: Longman Ltd.
Kramsch, C. (1998). Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kreslins, J. (2003). Linguistic Landscapes in the Baltik. Scandinavian Journal of History, 28 (3-4), 165-174.
Kress, G., & Van Leewen, T. (2001). Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. London: Arnold.
Landry, R., & Bourhis, R.Y. (1997). Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: An Empirical Study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23-49.
Leech, G. (1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Penguin Books.
Oktavianus. (2006). Analisis Wacana Lintas Bahasa. Padang: Minangkabau Press.
Oktavianus. (2019). The Landscape of Cultural Identity at Rumah Makan Minang. JATI-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 24(2), 155-175.
Oktavianus. (2022). Kiasan dalam Bahasa Minangkabau. Padang: Minangkabau Press.
Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to Discourse. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.
Sciriha, L. and Vassallo, M. (2001). Malta: A Linguistic Landscape. Malta: University of Malta.
Wierzbicka, Anna. (2003). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Semantics of Human Interactions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Yule, G. (2000). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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May 10, 2022
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