Citing Others' Works in Academic Texts: How Non-native Writers of English Across-disciplines Use Reporting Verbs and Reporting Signals in Their Research Article Introductions
Main Article Content
Keywords
reporting verbs, reporting signals, introduction section, research article, academic texts
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating how Indonesian writers in multidiscipline use reporting verbs (henceforth RVs) and reporting signals (henceforth RSs) in their research article introductions in English. Fifty research articles (henceforth RAs) were chosen on purpose from the recent edition of five different English language journals in Multi-disciplines published in Indonesia (i.e., 10 from Applied Linguistics, 10 from Medicine, 10 from Animal Husbandry, 10 from Engineering and Technology, and 10 from Geography). The results reveal that the most frequent groups of RV found in the RA introductions are SHOW and ARGUE groups; while the most frequent RS is Reporting Noun. It is also found that Indonesian writers in the data of this research tend to use RVs in Present and Past Tense. These findings are similar to those of previous studies where there is no important difference between English native and non-native speakers in using RVs in their RAs. This implies that Indonesian writers of the articles used in this study have used RVs in a similar way to English native speakers. This is because the RAs used in this research were taken from reputable international journals indexed by Scopus and/or Web of Science.
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References
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Arsyad, S. (2003). The rhetorical style of Indonesian research article introductions: A genre base analysis, The Asian-Pacific Education Researcher, 12(1), 27-62.
Arsyad, S, M. Zaim and D. Susyla (2018) Review and Citation Style in Research Article Introductions: A Comparative Study Between National and International English Medium Journals in Medial Sciences, Discourse and Interaction, 11(1), 28-51, https://doi.org/10.5817/DI2018-1-28
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Corder, G. W., & Foreman, D. I. (2014). Nonparametric statistics for non-statistician: A step-by-step approach, New JerseY: John Willey and Sons.
Dontcheva-Navratilova, O. (2016). Rhetorical functions of citations in linguistics research articles: A contrastive English (English-Czech) study, Discourse and Interaction, 9(2), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.5817/DI2016-2-51
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Gilbert, N. G. (1977). Referencing as persuasion, Social Studies of Science, 7, 113-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631277700700112
Hanania, E. & Akhtar, K. (1985). Verb forms and rhetorical function in science writing: A study of MS theses in Biology, Chemistry and Physics, ESP Journal, 4(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-2380(85)90006-X
Hyland, K. (1999). Academic attribution: citation and the construction of disciplinary knowledge, Applied Linguistics, 20(3), 341-367. Doi: 10.1093/applin/20.3.341
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Jafarigohar, M., & Mohammadkhani, A. (2015). Reporting Verbs in Applied Linguistics Research Articles by Native and Non-native Writers. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(12), 2490. https:// doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0512.08
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Kamimura, T. (2014). Citation Behaviors Observed in Japanese EFL Students’ Argumentative Writing. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 85–101.
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2005). Rhetorical structure of biochemistry research articles. English for Specific Purposes, 24(3), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2004.08.003
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Malcolm, L. (1987). What rules govern tense usage in scientific articles? English for Specific Purposes, 6(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-4906(87)90073-1
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Parkinson, J. (2011). The Discussion section as argument: The language used to prove knowledge claims. English for Specific Purposes, 30(3), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2011.03.001
Petrić, B. (2007). Rhetorical functions of citations in high- and low-rated master’s theses. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 6(3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2007.09.002
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Shaw, P. (1992). Reasons for the correlation of voice, tense, and sentence function in reporting verbs. Applied Linguistics, 13(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/13.3.302
Shooshtari, Z. G., Jalilifar, A., & Shahri, S. (2017). Ethnolinguistic influence on citation in English and Persian hard and soft science research articles. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 23(2), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2302-05
Swales, J. M. and Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills. University of Michigan Press.
Swales, J. M. (2004). Research Genres. Research Genres, November 2004. https://doi.org/10.1017/ cbo9781139524827
Thomas, S., & Hawes, T. P. (1994). Reporting verbs in medical journal articles. English for Specific Purposes, 13(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-4906(94)90012-4
Thompson, G., & Yiyun, Y. (1991). Evaluation in the reporting verbs used in academic papers. Applied Linguistics, 12(4), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/12.4.365
Un-udom, S., & Un-udom, N. (2020). A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of Reporting Verbs in Applied Linguistics Articles. English Language Teaching, 13(4), 162. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n4p162
Weissberg., R.,& Bucker, S. (1990). Writing Up Research: Experimental research report writing for students of English. Prentice-Hall Ink.
Yeganeh, M. T., & Boghayeri, M. (2015). The Frequency and Function of Reporting Verbs in Research Articles Written by Native Persian and English Speakers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 582–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.097
Yilmaz, M., & Özdem Erturk, Z. (2017). A Contrastive Corpus-Based Analysis of the Use of Reporting Verbs by Native and Non-Native ELT Researchers. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 11(2), 112–127.
Zhang, X. (2009). A Contrastive Study of Reporting in Master’s Theses in Native Chinese and in Native English. August.
Arsyad, S. (2003). The rhetorical style of Indonesian research article introductions: A genre base analysis, The Asian-Pacific Education Researcher, 12(1), 27-62.
Arsyad, S, M. Zaim and D. Susyla (2018) Review and Citation Style in Research Article Introductions: A Comparative Study Between National and International English Medium Journals in Medial Sciences, Discourse and Interaction, 11(1), 28-51, https://doi.org/10.5817/DI2018-1-28
Arsyad, S., & Adila, D. (2017). Using local style when writing in English: The citing behaviour of Indonesian writers in English research article introductions, Asian Englishes, 20(2), 170-185. DOI: 10.1080/13488678.2017.1327835
Berhail, Sarra (2017) A Corpus Based Analysis of the Use of Reporting Verbs in Master Dissertations, an unpublished dissertation of Department of English – Larbi Ben M’hidi University.
Corder, G. W., & Foreman, D. I. (2014). Nonparametric statistics for non-statistician: A step-by-step approach, New JerseY: John Willey and Sons.
Dontcheva-Navratilova, O. (2016). Rhetorical functions of citations in linguistics research articles: A contrastive English (English-Czech) study, Discourse and Interaction, 9(2), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.5817/DI2016-2-51
Francis, G., S. Hunston, and E. Manning (1996). Collins COBUILD Grammar Patterns 1: Verbs. London: HarperCollins. available at: https://arts-ccr-002.bham.ac.uk/ccr/patgram/
Gilbert, N. G. (1977). Referencing as persuasion, Social Studies of Science, 7, 113-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631277700700112
Hanania, E. & Akhtar, K. (1985). Verb forms and rhetorical function in science writing: A study of MS theses in Biology, Chemistry and Physics, ESP Journal, 4(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-2380(85)90006-X
Hyland, K. (1999). Academic attribution: citation and the construction of disciplinary knowledge, Applied Linguistics, 20(3), 341-367. Doi: 10.1093/applin/20.3.341
Hyland, K. (2002). Activity and Evaluation: Reporting Practices in Academic Writing. In J. Flowerdew (Ed.), Academic Discourse (pp. 115-130). Routledge Taylor and Francis.
Jafarigohar, M., & Mohammadkhani, A. (2015). Reporting Verbs in Applied Linguistics Research Articles by Native and Non-native Writers. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(12), 2490. https:// doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0512.08
Jaroongkhongdach, W. (2015). Reporting verbs in research writing: Lessons from experts. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand, 50(December), 143–154.
Junnak, A. V. C. (2016). A Corpus Analysis of Reporting Verb In Research Project of EFL English Major Students. Rajamangala University of Technology Isan.
Kamimura, T. (2014). Citation Behaviors Observed in Japanese EFL Students’ Argumentative Writing. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 85–101.
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2005). Rhetorical structure of biochemistry research articles. English for Specific Purposes, 24(3), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2004.08.003
Kwan, B. S. C. (2009). Reading in preparation for writing a PhD thesis: Case studies of experiences. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 8(3), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2009.02.001
Kwan, B. S. C., Chan, H., & Lam, C. (2012). Evaluating prior scholarship in literature reviews of research articles: A comparative study of practices in two research paradigms. English for Specific Purposes, 31(3), 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2012.02.003
Loan, N. T. T., & Pramoolsook, I. (2015). Reporting verbs in literature review chapters of tesol master’s theses written by Vietnamese postgraduates. ESP Today, 3(2), 196–215.
Malcolm, L. (1987). What rules govern tense usage in scientific articles? English for Specific Purposes, 6(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-4906(87)90073-1
Nanyue, X. (2013). Graduate School of Education The Development of Use of Reporting Verbs in Academic Writing : A Case Study with Two Chinese Students. September, 1–48.
Parkinson, J. (2011). The Discussion section as argument: The language used to prove knowledge claims. English for Specific Purposes, 30(3), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2011.03.001
Petrić, B. (2007). Rhetorical functions of citations in high- and low-rated master’s theses. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 6(3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2007.09.002
Ramoroka, B. T. (2014). Integration of sources in academic writing: A corpus-based study of citation practices in essay writing in two departments at the University of Botswana. Reading & Writing, 5(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/rw.v5i1.41
Shaw, P. (1992). Reasons for the correlation of voice, tense, and sentence function in reporting verbs. Applied Linguistics, 13(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/13.3.302
Shooshtari, Z. G., Jalilifar, A., & Shahri, S. (2017). Ethnolinguistic influence on citation in English and Persian hard and soft science research articles. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 23(2), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2302-05
Swales, J. M. and Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills. University of Michigan Press.
Swales, J. M. (2004). Research Genres. Research Genres, November 2004. https://doi.org/10.1017/ cbo9781139524827
Thomas, S., & Hawes, T. P. (1994). Reporting verbs in medical journal articles. English for Specific Purposes, 13(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-4906(94)90012-4
Thompson, G., & Yiyun, Y. (1991). Evaluation in the reporting verbs used in academic papers. Applied Linguistics, 12(4), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/12.4.365
Un-udom, S., & Un-udom, N. (2020). A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of Reporting Verbs in Applied Linguistics Articles. English Language Teaching, 13(4), 162. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n4p162
Weissberg., R.,& Bucker, S. (1990). Writing Up Research: Experimental research report writing for students of English. Prentice-Hall Ink.
Yeganeh, M. T., & Boghayeri, M. (2015). The Frequency and Function of Reporting Verbs in Research Articles Written by Native Persian and English Speakers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 582–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.097
Yilmaz, M., & Özdem Erturk, Z. (2017). A Contrastive Corpus-Based Analysis of the Use of Reporting Verbs by Native and Non-Native ELT Researchers. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 11(2), 112–127.
Zhang, X. (2009). A Contrastive Study of Reporting in Master’s Theses in Native Chinese and in Native English. August.
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Apr 22, 2021
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Arsyad, S., Syahrial, S., & Hakim, H. (2021). Citing Others’ Works in Academic Texts: How Non-native Writers of English Across-disciplines Use Reporting Verbs and Reporting Signals in Their Research Article Introductions. Jurnal Arbitrer, 8(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.8.1.59-71.2021
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