Communication Strategies by Indonesian EFL Learners in English Conversation Class
Main Article Content
Keywords
Communication Strategies, Speaking Ability, Communicative Competence
Abstract
To be able to conduct smooth communication has been the focus of teaching and learning L2. Since the late 1970s, developing language learners' communicative competence has become the center of L2 teaching. This paper is part of a study investigating how elementary-level English learners at an English course in Surakarta-Indonesia conduct English conversations. It particularly observes how they use communication strategies. The data was obtained through recording the conversations between instructors and the learners in teaching and learning activities. This study revealed that the learners frequently used stalling or time gaining when communicating their ideas or opinions. Assertive was the dominant speech act used by the learners, whereas expressive was the least. This could be because during the learning process, the learners were the ones who answered questions and expressed ideas in response to the instructors' questions.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Austin, J. L. (1962). How do to Things with Words. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental Considerations in Language Tasting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bin As, A. (2016). Storytelling to Improve Speaking Skill. English Education Journal, 7 (2), 194-205. https://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/EEJ/article/view/11529/9260
Bueno, A., Madrid, D., & McLaren, N. (2006). TEFL in Secondary Education. Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada.
Cita, I. R. (2018). Communication Strategies Applied by the Eighth Grade Students in Speaking Class at SMP Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Surakarta (Undergraduate Thesis). Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Dewi, S. R., Kultsum, U., & Armadi, A. (2017). Using Communicative Games in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill. English Language Teaching, 10 (1), 63-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n1p63
Dörnyei, Z. (1995). On the Teachability of Communication Strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 55-84. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587805
Dörnyei, Z & Scott, M. L. (1997). Review Article. Communication Strategies in a Second Language: Definitions and Taxonomies. Language Learning, 47 (1), 173-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023- 8333.51997005
Fauza, Usman&Muslem. (2018). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill and Motivation by Using Hand Puppet Show Media. English Education Journal, 9(2), 216-228. https://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/ EEJ/article/view/11529/9260
Hasibuan, V.P. (2013). An Analysis On the Factors Causing English Learning Difficulties. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Untan, 2(7),16. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/ view/2681/2660
Hosni, Al. S. (2014). Speaking Difficulties Encountered by Young EFL Learners. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 2(6), 22-30. https://www.arcjournals.org
Khan, I. A. (2011). Challenges of teaching/learning English and management.Global Journal of Human Social Science. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(1), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.18196/ ftl.2223
Merdana, Seken, K., & Putra, J.A.N. (2013). An Analysis of Speech Acts Produced by Elementary School Teachers and Students to Facilitate Teaching and Learning at SDN 10 Pringgasela East Lombok. e-Journal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 1(1), 1-11. https:// doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v1i0.723.
Muslem, A., Mustafa, F., Usman, B. & Rahman, A. (2017). The application of Video Clips with Small Group and Individual Activities to Improve Young Learners’ Speaking Performance. Teaching English with Technology, 17 (4), 25-37. https://www.tewtjournal.org
Nakhalah, Al.M.M.A. (2016). Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 5(12), 96-106. https://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v5(12)/version-3/O5120396101.pdf
Nijat, N., Atifnigar, H.,Chandran, K., Selvan, T.L.S., & Subramonic, V. (2019). Psychological Factors that affect English Speaking Performance among Malaysian Primary School Pupils. American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 2(2), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.46545/ aijelr.v2i2.117
Novitasari, D. (2016). Naturalistic Study on Communication Strategies Used by the Second Semester Students in Speaking Class of English Education Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (Undergraduate Thesis). Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Parmawati, A. & Inayah,R. (2019). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill Through English Movie in Scope of Speaking for General Communication. ELTIN Journal, 7(2), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.22460/ eltin.v7i2.p43-53.
Samad, A. I., Bustari, A., & Ahmad, D. (2017). The Use of Podcasts in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill. Journal of English Language and Education, 3(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.26486/jele. v3i2.256.
Sayuri. (2016). English Speaking Problems of EFL Learners of Mulawarman University Indonesian. Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 1(1), 48-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefll.v1i1.4.
Searle, J.R. (1975). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts . Essay Collection vol. 49. https://doi.org/10.2307/2184707
Souriyavongsa, T., Rany,S.,Abidin, Z.J.M., & Mei, L.L. (2013). Factors Causes Students Low English Language Learning: A Case Study in the National University of Laos. International Journal of English Language Education, 1(1), 179-192. https://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v1i1.3100.
Sun, Z., Lin, C., You, J., Shen, H.,J. Qi, S., & Luo, L. (2017). Improving the English-speaking skills of young learners through mobile social networking. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(3), 3-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1308384.
Wei, L. (2011). Communicative Strategies in Second Language Acquisition: A Study of Chinese English Learners’ Attitude and Reported Frequency of Communicative Strategies (Unpublished Thesis). Kristianstad University, Stockholm.
Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental Considerations in Language Tasting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bin As, A. (2016). Storytelling to Improve Speaking Skill. English Education Journal, 7 (2), 194-205. https://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/EEJ/article/view/11529/9260
Bueno, A., Madrid, D., & McLaren, N. (2006). TEFL in Secondary Education. Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada.
Cita, I. R. (2018). Communication Strategies Applied by the Eighth Grade Students in Speaking Class at SMP Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Surakarta (Undergraduate Thesis). Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Dewi, S. R., Kultsum, U., & Armadi, A. (2017). Using Communicative Games in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill. English Language Teaching, 10 (1), 63-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n1p63
Dörnyei, Z. (1995). On the Teachability of Communication Strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 55-84. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587805
Dörnyei, Z & Scott, M. L. (1997). Review Article. Communication Strategies in a Second Language: Definitions and Taxonomies. Language Learning, 47 (1), 173-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023- 8333.51997005
Fauza, Usman&Muslem. (2018). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill and Motivation by Using Hand Puppet Show Media. English Education Journal, 9(2), 216-228. https://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/ EEJ/article/view/11529/9260
Hasibuan, V.P. (2013). An Analysis On the Factors Causing English Learning Difficulties. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Untan, 2(7),16. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/ view/2681/2660
Hosni, Al. S. (2014). Speaking Difficulties Encountered by Young EFL Learners. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 2(6), 22-30. https://www.arcjournals.org
Khan, I. A. (2011). Challenges of teaching/learning English and management.Global Journal of Human Social Science. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(1), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.18196/ ftl.2223
Merdana, Seken, K., & Putra, J.A.N. (2013). An Analysis of Speech Acts Produced by Elementary School Teachers and Students to Facilitate Teaching and Learning at SDN 10 Pringgasela East Lombok. e-Journal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 1(1), 1-11. https:// doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v1i0.723.
Muslem, A., Mustafa, F., Usman, B. & Rahman, A. (2017). The application of Video Clips with Small Group and Individual Activities to Improve Young Learners’ Speaking Performance. Teaching English with Technology, 17 (4), 25-37. https://www.tewtjournal.org
Nakhalah, Al.M.M.A. (2016). Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 5(12), 96-106. https://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v5(12)/version-3/O5120396101.pdf
Nijat, N., Atifnigar, H.,Chandran, K., Selvan, T.L.S., & Subramonic, V. (2019). Psychological Factors that affect English Speaking Performance among Malaysian Primary School Pupils. American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 2(2), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.46545/ aijelr.v2i2.117
Novitasari, D. (2016). Naturalistic Study on Communication Strategies Used by the Second Semester Students in Speaking Class of English Education Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (Undergraduate Thesis). Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Parmawati, A. & Inayah,R. (2019). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill Through English Movie in Scope of Speaking for General Communication. ELTIN Journal, 7(2), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.22460/ eltin.v7i2.p43-53.
Samad, A. I., Bustari, A., & Ahmad, D. (2017). The Use of Podcasts in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill. Journal of English Language and Education, 3(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.26486/jele. v3i2.256.
Sayuri. (2016). English Speaking Problems of EFL Learners of Mulawarman University Indonesian. Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 1(1), 48-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefll.v1i1.4.
Searle, J.R. (1975). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts . Essay Collection vol. 49. https://doi.org/10.2307/2184707
Souriyavongsa, T., Rany,S.,Abidin, Z.J.M., & Mei, L.L. (2013). Factors Causes Students Low English Language Learning: A Case Study in the National University of Laos. International Journal of English Language Education, 1(1), 179-192. https://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v1i1.3100.
Sun, Z., Lin, C., You, J., Shen, H.,J. Qi, S., & Luo, L. (2017). Improving the English-speaking skills of young learners through mobile social networking. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(3), 3-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1308384.
Wei, L. (2011). Communicative Strategies in Second Language Acquisition: A Study of Chinese English Learners’ Attitude and Reported Frequency of Communicative Strategies (Unpublished Thesis). Kristianstad University, Stockholm.
Article Sidebar
Published
Apr 22, 2021
Article Details
How to Cite
Wijayanto, A., & Hastuti, D. M. (2021). Communication Strategies by Indonesian EFL Learners in English Conversation Class. Jurnal Arbitrer, 8(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.8.1.72-81.2021
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author Biographies