Ethos, Ethics, and Spirituality in Minangkabau Petatah-Petitih: A Linguistic-Cultural Alternative to Weber’s Protestant Ethic
Main Article Content
Keywords
Ethnolinguistics, hermeneutics, entrepreneurship, Minangkabau, proverbs, petatah-petitih
Abstract
The entrepreneurial culture of the Minangkabau is widely regarded as compelling, continually explored and discussed by scholars. It has long been widely recognized that this value system is embedded in a linguistic vessel known as petatah-petitih (traditional Minangkabau proverbs). These proverbs are often regarded as repositories of social norms, yet their role as a living linguistic system actively shaping everyday practices, particularly in the economic sphere, remains largely underexplored. Previous studies have tended to view petatah-petitih as static containers of moral prescriptions. However, their existence as dynamic catalysts of a community’s lived values and guiding principles has remained largely untouched. In fact, petatah-petitih function as a living linguistic system, continuously activated through hermeneutic engagement and practical actualization by social actors within the flow of their daily lives. This article addresses that gap by investigating how petatah-petitih both live and are lived by Minangkabau traders as they negotiate meaning within their entrepreneurial journeys. Drawing on Hymes’ ethnolinguistics and philosophical-phenomenological hermeneutics, the researcher conducted focus group discussions, participatory observation, and hermeneutic interviews with 14 informants across West Sumatra, Bogor, and Bali. Findings reveal that proverbs concerning Minangkabau entrepreneurial culture form an integrative whole, not operating as fixed prescriptions, but as a dynamic ethical framework continually reinterpreted through lived experience. Hermeneutic analysis shows that meaning is constructed dialogically, through a circular movement among text, context, and the interpreter’s subjectivity. This study contributes to decolonial approaches in ethnolinguistics by centering Indigenous interpretive practices as the core of analysis, while also proposing a new methodological model for understanding petatah-petitih as vital resources for building national economic resilience and as a critique of the dominant currents of global capitalism.
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References
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Amirian, M., & Fazilat-Pour, M. (2015). Simple and multivariate relationships between spiritual intelligence with general health and happiness. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 1275–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0004-y
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Brogan, W. (2020). Basic concepts of hermeneutics: Gadamer on tradition and community. Duquesne Studies in Phenomenology, 1(1), Article 3. https://dsc.duq.edu/dsp/vol1/iss1/3
Cahyono, E., Syafitri, W., & Susilo, A. (2021). Ethnicity, migration, and entrepreneurship in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics, 9(1), 1–12. https://jiae.ub.ac.id/
Chong, A. M., Lee, P. G., & Baba, M. (2015). Emotional intelligence and at-risk students. SAGE Open, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014564768
Croce, F. (2017). Contextualized indigenous entrepreneurial models: A systematic review of indigenous entrepreneurship literature. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(6), 886–906. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.69
Dana, L. P. (2015). Indigenous entrepreneurship: An emerging field of research. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 14(2), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2015.067433
Enworo, O. C. (2023). Application of Guba and Lincoln’s parallel criteria to assess trustworthiness of qualitative research on indigenous social protection systems. Qualitative Research Journal, 23(4), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-11-2022-0145
Gadamer, H.-G. (2004). Truth and method. A&C Black.
Gadamer, H.-G. (2017). Aesthetics and hermeneutics. In Philosophical Hermeneutics (pp. 95–104). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351226387-11
Gama, B., Hariyanto, Y. W., & Hariyanto. (2024). Minangkabau ethnic survival strategy in Surakarta city. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 3(8). https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/view/1925
Games, D., Agriqisthi, A., & Sari, D. K. (2020). Earthquakes, fear of failure, and wellbeing: An insight from Minangkabau entrepreneurship. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, Article 101815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101815
Geertz, C. (2008). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In T. Oakes & P. L. Price (Eds.), The cultural geography reader (pp. 41–51). Routledge.
Habermas, J. (1985). The theory of communicative action: Vol. 1. Reason and the rationalization of society (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Beacon Press.
Hanani, S. (2020). Ruhana Kuddus pelopor gerakan entrepreneur perempuan di Minangkabau. Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender, 19(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24014/Marwah.v19i1.8443
Handoko, H., Kaur, S., & Kia, L. S. (2024). Cultivating sustainability: A cultural linguistic study of Minangkabau environmental proverbs. Jurnal Arbiter, 11(1), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.11.1.72-84.2024
Handoko, H., Kaur, S., & Kia, L. S. (2025). Minangkabau oral traditions and local wisdom in disaster prediction. E3S Web of Conferences, 677, Article 02007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202567702007
Hasanuddin, H. (2013). Adat dan syarak sumber inspirasi dan rujukan nilai dialektika Minangkabau. PSIKM.
Hasanuddin, H. (2018). The ethnic discourse in Indonesian multiculturalism: Adaptive dynamics of the Minangkabau diaspora in Bali. Erka.
Hastuti, P. C., Thoyib, A., Troena, E. A., & Setiawan, M. (2015). The Minang entrepreneur characteristic. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 819–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.108
Hymes, D. (1996). Ethnography, linguistics, narrative inequality: Toward an understanding of voice (1st ed.). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203211816
Iman, D. T., & Mani, A. (2013). Motivations for migration among Minangkabau women in Indonesia. Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 32, 114–123.
Larrauri Pertierra, I. X. (2022). Gadamer’s historically effected and effective consciousness. Dialogue, 61(2), 261–284. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012217322000178
Mika, J. P., Warren, L., Foley, D., & Palmer, F. R. (2017). Perspectives on indigenous entrepreneurship, innovation and enterprise. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(6), 767–773. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.4
Mochlasin, & Budiharjo. (2024). Islamic work ethics, local wisdom, and spirit of capitalism: Insight from a perantau Minangkabau. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 14(2), 289–318. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v14i2
Moeis, I., Febriani, R., Sandra, I., & Pabbajah, M. (2022). Intercultural values in local wisdom: A global treasure of Minangkabau ethnic in Indonesia. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 9(1), Article 2116841. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2116841
Mulyani, F. F., Gunartati, Ofianto, Antonia, Soriente, Yafi, R. A., Syahriani, F., Syah, M. A., & Ningsih, T. Z. (2024). Multicultural education based on Minangkabau proverbs to integrate. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(1), 526–544. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i1.4989
Mursid, M. C., Aziz, F. A., & Anjani, D. (2024). The role of sharia economics in realizing sustainable green economic development. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i5.5012
Nagazumi, A. (1986). The Minangkabau coastal world in the 19th century: Rantau Pariaman. In Indonesia in the studies of Japanese scholars (pp. 133–154). Obor Indonesia.
Naim, M. (2020). Merantau pola migrasi suku Minangkabau. Monash University. https://doi.org/10.26180/5e3102cff142e
Nanda, B. J., & Permata, I. M. (2025). Synergy of government, religion, culture in urban development: Approach from the case of Pariaman City. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 9(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-024-00365-3
Padilla-Meléndez, A., Plaza-Angulo, J. J., Del-Aguila-Obra, A. R., & Ciruela-Lorenzo, A. M. (2022). Indigenous entrepreneurship: Current issues and future lines. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 34(1–2), 6–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2021.2011962
Pandikar, E., Affandi, I., Disman, D., & Sundawa, D. (2022). Harmonizing economic principles, Islamic values, and entrepreneurial attitudes for a sustainable environment. Yupa: Historical Studies Journal, 6(2), 188–197. [suspicious link removed]
Puspitacandri, A., Warsono, Roesminingsih, E., Soesatyo, Y., & Susanto, H. (2020). The effects of intelligence, emotional, spiritual and adversity quotient on the graduates quality in Surabaya shipping polytechnic. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1075–1087. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.3.1075
Putri, E. W. (2019). Islam and local wisdom in the Minangkabau proverb. Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 19(1), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v19i1.1567
Raimi, L., Abdur-Rauf, I. A., & Ashafa, S. A. (2024). Does Islamic sustainable finance support sustainable development goals to avert financial risk in the management of Islamic finance products? A critical literature review. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(6), Article 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17060236
Ratten, V., & Dana, L. P. (2017). Gendered perspective of indigenous entrepreneurship. Small Enterprise Research, 24(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2017.1289858
Rusman, R., Daulay, Z., Danil, E., & Sofyan, S. (2023). Universal humanitarian principles of Minangkabau proverbs: A living law perspective. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 3(5), 1320–1344. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v3i5.593
Saad, M. S. (2023). Emotional and spiritual quotient for sustainable education’s service quality. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(4), 1781–1790. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25434
Sari, F., Sapriya, Supriatna, N., Mulyadi, H., & Hasanuddin, H. (2024). Woman creativepreneurship based on Minangkabau culture. Jurnal Arbiter, 11(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.11.1.60-71.2024
Shovkhalov, S. (2024). Islamic economic principles and their contributions to ecological sustainability and green economy development. E3S Web of Conferences, 541, Article 04009. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454104009
Silalahi, R., & Nasution, E. H. (2017). Minangkabau proverbs: Values and functions. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 141, 63–65. Atlantis Press.
Siregar, A. M. (1969). Indonesian entrepreneurs. Asian Survey, 9(5), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642461
Siregar, F. A. (2022). Merantau in the ethnic tradition of Minangkabau: Local custom without sharia basis? Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 6(1), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.9954
Sya, M. F., Zuriyati, & Attas, S. G. (2021). The conception of community life in Petatah-Petitih Minangkabau with indigenous approach. Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v11i1.10559
Tretiakov, A., Felzensztein, C., Zwerg, A. M., Mika, J. P., & Macpherson, W. G. (2020). Family, community, and globalization: Wayuu indigenous entrepreneurs as n-culturals. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 27(2), 189–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-01-2019-0025
van Manen, M. (2017). Phenomenology in its original sense. Qualitative Health Research, 27(6), 810–825. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732317699381
van Manen, M. (2023). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Routledge.
van Manen, M., & van Manen, M. (2021). Doing phenomenological research and writing. Qualitative Health Research, 31(6), 1069–1082. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323211003058
Vigouroux, M. A., & Hovey, R. B. (2024). Gadamerian hermeneutics and feminist thought: Exploring preunderstandings to uncover experiences of prejudice. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241278954
Warnke, G. (2021). Gadamer: Hermeneutics, tradition, and reason (A. Sahidah, Trans.). IRCISOD.
Weber, M. (2013). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Start Publishing LLC.
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Apr 15, 2026
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Hasanuddin, H., & Lestari, I. I. (2026). Ethos, Ethics, and Spirituality in Minangkabau Petatah-Petitih: A Linguistic-Cultural Alternative to Weber’s Protestant Ethic . Jurnal Arbitrer, 13(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.13.1.16-33.2026
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